ZeroHybrid - Creating Decentralized Trusted Computing for All
Attaining true privacy on the internet has been the number one priority for ZeroHybrid, and many other Web 3.0. projects. Since its launch in April 2021, the ZeroHybrid network has established itself in creating a path for internet privacy and security using the Trusted Execution Environment (TEE) technology.
TEE effectively handles encryption; however, it sometimes suffers from too much centralization (which is why data breaches occur). Hence, developing a truly trusted computing system requires decentralization, and this is what the blockchain addresses. On the other hand, the Blockchain facilitates decentralization to a large extent; however, it only assures false anonymity (Psuedonimity).
Therefore, the combination of both solves the problem of either. TEE helps solve the problem of anonymity on the Blockchain, while the Blockchain helps attain decentralization. This is why many projects have tried to integrate the TEE technology with the Blockchain, all with different approaches. Unfortunately, there is no consensus on a particular technology or solution; however, Intel SGX and the ARMs TrustZone are the most popular TEE solutions.
The ARM TrustZone
One reason why TEE has suffered vulnerabilities to attacks is its centralized nature. The Intel SDX is closed-source; they control all hardware manufacturing, architecture, and design. They do not give room for independent manufacturers to build on their source. Therefore, the entire ecosystem is affected when Intel has problems, and the centralized system wins again.
On the other hand, the ARM TrustZone sells licenses to companies, enabling an open-sourced ecosystem, allowing more companies to build hardware based on the original ARM source. So, if there is a problem with one manufacturer, it will not translate to a general attack. The rest of the ecosystems keeps working, and one failure doesn’t affect all.
It is also quite notable that in today’s world, where energy conservation is paramount in major decision-making processes, we do not lag. The ARM chip consumes lower energy, making it suitable for low-power devices like a smartphone. This is unlike the intel chip, which is only suitable for computers. Hence, with ARM, energy conservation laws across all world nations are followed, and network users become plentiful, further enabling true decentralization.
The PoA Consensus Mechanism
Typically, the Blockchain is maintained by the Proof-of-Work mechanism, where miners have to confirm a new block by expending heavy computer power. However, ZeroHybrid works with a Proof-of-Authority mechanism to facilitate a faster blockchain with fewer energy demands.
Rather than requiring participants to interact with the Blockchain using thousands of nodes all around the world, the PoA consensus mechanism elects a set of reputable authority nodes to act as validators on the network; hence, making transactions fast and scalable.
So, “mining” — involving heavy energy usage to solve complex computing isn’t actually done, but participants will vote unanimously with simple tasks from their low-power devices (like smartphones). The Validators will verify each task with the PoTA model (Proof of Task Accomplishment). The model verifies the credibility of tasks with trusted computing principles (which cannot be breached). Every task accomplished correctly will earn rewards.
Since there are very few nodes running the systems, all these are done within seconds, and the validators can quickly update the Blockchain. Thus, in seconds, several thousand transactions are completed with almost zero gas fees.
How Effective Is ZeroHybrid’s PoA Consensus Mechanism, and How Does it Impact Data Security?
As internet users, we permit big tech companies to use our personal data based on several “privacy policy” agreements; it seems out of our control, and we feel like we have no choice but to comply because we need to access the internet. However, with the era of the decentralized internet in sight, ZeroHybrid aims to safeguard your internet security by making it possible for you to access internet services without giving “unrestricted permission” to any service provider.
Instead, data becomes decentralized, and for any third party to access your data, they will be validated first by you, and only you will get the rewards for allowing the transaction. All these are achieved in milliseconds, with few nodes, simple tasks, and low fees. Promoting a truly scalable ecosystem
Here are some highlights on why ZeroHybrid’s method has attracted many investors, even from the seed phase.
Using ARM Chips to Eliminate Breaches： The ZeroHybrid network effectively links the TEE and the Blockchain using the ARM TrustZone, to enable manufacturer decentralization, which reduces the risk of an attack to the barest minimum. Unlike intel, where one manufacturer produces chips. Several companies, like Apple, Samsung, Qualcomm, can make chips after obtaining ARM licenses.
Solving Energy Consumption Issues in Mining: Blockchain mining, which involves the public confirmation of transactions via Proof-of-Work consensus, has been heavily criticized and even banned in some countries due to climate change concerns. Therefore, using the ARM Chip, which allows “mining” or “transaction confirmation” via mobile phones, reduces energy costs while making decentralization even better.
Solving Centralization in Mining: There are concerns over a 51% attack on the Blockchain due to the concentration of miners in mining pools. However unlikely it is to happen, if the three largest mining pools combine to become one, the Blockchain could become compromised, and decentralization may become breached. Therefore, enabling a vast network of miners via mobile phones (and not necessarily high-end supercomputers) helps the Blockchain become more decentralized. This is important, especially since decentralization is a germane factor in maintaining data security.
Everybody Is a Miner, No Reliance On Nodes: The Proof-of-Work (PoW) consensus needs to build tens of thousands of nodes to enable mining facilities, but the PoA doesn’t. This makes it easy to exploit the prevalence of Trusted Computing in mobile technology. The ARM Chip is responsible for biometric scans, iris scans, and face recognition in phones. Hence, nearly all mobile phones have TEE functionality. As a result, everybody is potentially a miner, the requirements are easily achievable, and participation will be extensive.
About ZeroHybrid Network:
ZeroHybrid is the industry’s first ARM-based decentralized trusted computing network that can use mobile devices to provide computing power. ZeroHybrid utilized the wildly spread ARM chipsets to implement TEE, which guarantees the computation process through the power of the hardware, enabling a trusted environment not able to be modified by other software. With the diversity of ARM chips and wide range of application scenarios, to form a safe, credible and decentralized computing environment.
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